PAST PAPERS OF 2ND YEAR IST TERM

Applied Thermodynamics

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CAD

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Differential Equation & Fourier Series

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Electronic Devices & Circuits

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Linear Circuit Analysis

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PAST PAPERS OF IST YEAR 2ND TERM

Applied Mechanics

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Basic Civil Engineering

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Electrical Engineering II

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Islamic Studies

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LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

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Pakistan Studies

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Practical Past Papers
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PAST PAPER OF IST YEAR IST TERM

Applied Calculus

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Computer Applications E-Learning

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Electrical Engineering I

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Electrical Engineering is concerned with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism, dealing with the large-scale electrical systems such as power generation transmission, controlled distribution and utilization. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical power supply. It now covers a range of subtopics including power, electronics, control systems, signal processing and telecommunications.

Electrical engineering may include electronic engineering. Where a distinction is made, usually outside of the United States, electrical engineering is considered to deal with the problems associated with large-scale electrical systems such as power transmission and motor control, whereas electronic engineering deals with the study of small-scale electronic systems including computers and integrated circuits Alternatively, electrical engineers are usually concerned with using electricity to transmit energy, while electronic engineers are concerned with using electricity to process information. More recently, the distinction has become blurred by the growth of power electronics.

 

Electrical Engineering as a Subject:

Electrical engineering  is one of the core fields of engineering, so it is always evergreen in terms of Scope and Job Prospects. Electrical Engineering is the heart of whole engineering discipline and therefore it scope will never fade even many years from now. Nowadays, we see  Electronics playing an important role in the implementation and control of Electrical Machines. Keeping this fact file in mind the course have transformed from core electrical Engineering into a Fusion of Electronics and Electrical and has been renamed as Electronics and Electrical engineering or simply EEE.

Career Scope an Placement Prospects:

Electrical Engineers are needed in all manufacturing units, All major companies of public and private sector such as Electricity Boards, Large Scale Industries, Manufacturing Plants, Power Corporations, Hydro-Electricity sector are continuously in need of Electrical Engineers for their projects. Electrical Engineers also find job prospects in Design Industries, Production plants, Natural gas plants, Petroleum as well as in steel and chemical plants. Many premier Educational and Research Institutions regularly intake electrical engineers as graduate Engineer trainees and Management Trainees to work on research projects.

Electrical Engineers can also get a job in Major players in Public Sector such as Pakistan Railways, Armed forces(Technical Branch) and also in Thermal and Nuclear power Corporation Limited.

What is this job like?

Electrical engineers design new and better electronics. They also test equipment and solve problems. A project starts by deciding what the new electronics will do. Then, the engineer designs the circuits and other parts of the electronics. Engineers might draw their designs using a computer.

Later, the engineers test their designs and make them better. Many projects don't work at first. The engineers have to figure out why and then fix them.

Electrical engineers work on many kinds of products. They might work on cars, robots, cell phone systems, the lighting and wiring in buildings, and radar and navigation systems.

Some examples of high-tech projects that electrical and electronics engineers work on are global positioning systems that can pinpoint a car's location, giant generators that can power entire cities, or a new design for an airplane's electrical system.

Engineers work in offices, labs, or industrial plants. Many work a normal 40-hour week. At times, they work longer to meet deadlines.

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INPUT DEVICES

An input device is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it, much like a TV. In the picture to the right, is a Logitech trackballmouse and an example of an input device. Below is a complete listing of all the different computer input devices that can be used on a computer.

Types of input devices

• Audio conversion device
• Barcode reader
• Business Card Reader
• Digital camera and Digital Camcorder
• Finger (with touchscreen)
• Fingerprint scanner
• Gamepad, Joystick, Paddle, Steering wheel, and Microsoft Kinect
• Graphics tablet
• Keyboard
• Light gun and light pen scanner
• Magnetic-stripe reader
• Medical imaging devices (e.g., X-Ray, CAT Scan, and Ultrasound images)
• Microphone (using speech recognition)
• MIDI keyboard
• MICR
• Mouse, touchpad, or other pointing device
• Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
• Punch card reader
• Remote
• Scanner
• Sonar imaging devices
• Touch screen
• Video capture device
• VR helmet and gloves
• Webcam

Tip: Keep in mind that drives such as a CD-ROM, DVD, and aFloppy diskette drive may be capable of sending the computer information, but they are not input devices. These devices are considered storage devices.

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difference between input and output device

To understand the difference between an input and output device, you must understand the difference between inputand output. Any information or data that's entered or sent to the computer  to be processed is considered input and anything that is displayed from the computer is output. Therefore, an input device such as a computer keyboard is capable of having information sent to the computer, but does not display (output) any information. An output device such as a computer printer can print information from the computer but does not send any information (input) to the computer.

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HOW TO CREATE CSV FILE

A comma-separated values (CSV) file is any file containing text that is separated with a comma, but can also be a file separated with any other character. To create a CSV is as simple as creating any text file and can be created in any text editor, however, is often created in a spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel or Open Office Calc. Below are the steps on how to create a CSV file using a text editor such as Notepad, Microsoft Excel, Open Office Calc, and Google Docs.

Notepad (or any text editor)Microsoft ExcelOpen Office CalcGoogle Docs

Notepad (or any text editor)

To create a CSV file in a text editor open a new text editor program, such as Notepad. Once open write the text data you wish the file to contain and separate each field or column of data with a comma and each row with a new line.

Title1,Title2,Title3
one,two,three
example1,example2,example3

As an example, if you were to create a text file with the above data, and save it as a CSV file, each column is created by each comma and each row is created by each new line. Therefore, the above data if opened in a spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel would create a table similar to the below example.

Title1	Title2	Title3
one	two	three
example1	example2	example3

If the data you're planning to use in your CSV file already has comma's, such as an address; it's easier to use a differentdelimiter to separate each of the values. For example, in the below CSV file we will be creating names and addresses for labels that will be printed and are separating each name and address label with a tilde character. Alternatively a better solution would be to have the address, city, and state in their own column.

Name
Street Address
City, State ZIP Code
~Mr John Smith
123 Fake address
Salt Lake City, Utah 89110
~Mrs Jane Doe
586 Another fake
Delta, Utah 84624
~Bill White
123 N Fake Street
St Anthony, Idaho 83445

Microsoft Excel

Open Microsoft Excel and the file you wish to save as a CSV file. For example, below is the data contained in our example Excel worksheet.

Item	Cost	Sold	Profit
Keyboard	$10.00	$16.00	$6.00
Monitor	$80.00	$120.00	$40.00
Mouse	$5.00	$7.00	$2.00
		Total	$48.00

Once open, click File, choose the Save As option, and as theSave as type: select the CSV (Comma delimited) (*.csv)option. Once saved, if you were to open the CSV file in a text editor, such as Notepad, the CSV file should resemble the below example.

Item,Cost,Sold,Profit
Keyboard,$10.00,$16.00,$6.00
Monitor,$80.00,$120.00,$40.00
Mouse,$5.00,$7.00,$2.00
,,Total,$48.00

Open Office Calc

Open Open Office Calc and the file you wish to save as a CSV file. For example, below is the data contained in our example Calc worksheet.

Item	Cost	Sold	Profit
Keyboard	$10.00	$16.00	$6.00
Monitor	$80.00	$120.00	$40.00
Mouse	$5.00	$7.00	$2.00
		Total	$48.00

Once open, click File, choose the Save As option, and as theSave as type: select the Text CSV (.csv) (*.csv) option. Once saved, if you were to open the CSV file in a text editor such as Notepad the CSV file should resemble the below example.

Item,Cost,Sold,Profit
Keyboard,$10.00,$16.00,$6.00
Monitor,$80.00,$120.00,$40.00
Mouse,$5.00,$7.00,$2.00
,,Total,$48.00

Google Docs

Open Google Docs and the Spreadsheet file you wish to save as a CSV file. Click File, Download as, and then select CSV (current sheet).

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